Sunk Cost free essay sample

In financial aspects and business dynamic, sunk costs are review (past) costs that have just been brought about and can't be recuperated. Sunk expenses are once in a while appeared differently in relation to planned costs, which are future costs that might be brought about or changed if a move is made. Both review and planned expenses might be either fixed (nonstop for whatever length of time that the business is in activity and unaffected by yield volume) or variable (reliant on volume) costs. Note, nonetheless, that numerous market analysts think of it as a slip-up to characterize sunk expenses as fixed or variable. For instance, if a firm sinks $1 million on an endeavor programming establishment, that cost is sunk in light of the fact that it was a one-time thing and can't be recouped once consumed. A fixed expense would be regularly scheduled installments made as a major aspect of a help contract or authorizing manage the organization that set up the product. The forthright hopeless installment for the establishment ought not be regarded a fixed expense, with its cost spread out after some time. We will compose a custom paper test on Sunk Cost or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Sunk expenses ought to be kept independent. The variable expenses for this undertaking may incorporate server farm power utilization, and so forth. In customary microeconomic hypothesis, just planned (future) costs are pertinent to a speculation choice. Customary financial matters recommends that monetary entertainers ought not let sunk costs impact their choices. Doing so would not be reasonably surveying a choice solely on its own benefits. On the other hand, a chief may settle on balanced choices as indicated by their own motivations, outside of effectiveness or gainfulness. This is viewed as a motivating force issue and is particular from a sunk cost issue. Proof from social financial matters proposes this hypothesis neglects to foresee genuine conduct. Sunk expenses do, indeed, impact entertainers choices since people are inclined to misfortune abhorrence and surrounding impacts. Considering such intellectual eccentricities, it is obvious that individuals much of the time neglect to act in manners that market analysts esteem discerning. Sunk expenses ought not influence the discerning chiefs most ideal decision. Notwithstanding, until a chief irreversibly submits assets, the imminent cost is an avoidable future expense and is appropriately remembered for any dynamic procedures. For instance, in the event that one is thinking about preordering film tickets, however has not really bought them yet, the cost stays avoidable.

Change Essay -- essays research papers

     As I stepped on to that British Airways trip to London, England I didn't have the foggiest idea about this would end up being one on the most changing encounters of my life. It began like this after playing a soccer coordinate with certain companions at a neighborhood school, we started to anticipate what we would do this evening. So after we returned home and scrubbed down, we called up a couple of companions and the arrangement for the night was chalked out, as we would go to certain clubs and other night spots London is frequently connected with. At that point subsequent to affirming were we were going to get together, we got spruced up, and left to where we could get a transport, which would take us to the train station, to meet the others. After we got together and boarded the train a few people from the gathering began to talk ... Change Essay - articles research papers      As I stepped on to that British Airways trip to London, England I didn't have the foggiest idea about this would end up being one on the most changing encounters of my life. It began like this after playing a soccer coordinate with certain companions at a neighborhood school, we started to anticipate what we would do today around evening time. So after we returned home and scrubbed down, we called up a couple of companions and the arrangement for the night was chalked out, as we would go to certain clubs and other night spots London is regularly connected with. At that point subsequent to affirming were we were going to get together, we got spruced up, and left to where we could get a transport, which would take us to the train station, to meet the others. After we got together and boarded the train a few people from the gathering began to talk ...

Deceptive Accounting Essay

Extortion and defilement are a threat in the neediness stricken nations, yet in addition in the created world. The overall hazard of misbehavior endeavors to overcome the incentive to globalization. In the globalized universe of speculators of the 21st century with its first transoceanic stock trade, it is important to proceed with changes to shake off maltreatment of intensity at the degree of their foundations. In this way, Daniel Quinn Mills, an educator at the Harvard Business School, composes Wheel, Deal, and Steal (2003) to communicate his conviction that CEOs of supreme nature are proceeding with their act of taking from speculators regardless of the shout over the money related embarrassments of Worldcom, Tyco, and obviously, Enron. The creator guarantees that the standards that have been intended to ensure the financial specialists are bombing consistently. Thus, Mills subtleties wide-extending changes that are conceivable and ought to be structured so as to support straightforwardness in money related work. Moreover, the writer shows how speculators should, subsequent to examining his book, attempt to shield the extras from degenerate monetary practices. Financial specialists may even have the option to utilize Mills’ guidance in recuperating their lost cash. Wheel, Deal, and Steal guarantees that financial specialists are being cheated at a wide range of levels. The evaluators and the CEOs may all be engaged with monetary misrepresentation for an assortment of reasons, the principle one being that they all need to take more noteworthy profit without imparting them to speculators. Besides, the principles of law and morals don't appear to work admirably in controlling bookkeeping misrepresentation. There is an essential conflict of premiums between the financial specialists and the organizations that the speculators were intended to in a general sense trust for the assurance of their specific advantages, that is, to make more profit for themselves through their ventures. These contention of is the idea of estrangement set forth by Karl Marx. As indicated by Mills, even the securities exchange crash had this irreconcilable circumstance at its center. It isn't about the bookkeeping embarrassments of ongoing occasions alone. Or maybe, the issue is profound established as it is a contention of influence and cash. The CEOs attempt to take however much cash as could reasonably be expected in some cases to the detriment of the speculators. Initially, be that as it may, investors were intended to be the proprietors of American endeavors, and the officials were to go about as the operators of the financial specialists. However, presently, officials are simply the main ones creation fortunes and extending their own influence in the enterprise. Financial specialists, then again, are deserted far during the time spent business. Plants offers a lot of bookkeeping data in his book that financial specialists should need to comprehend so as to pick up dominance over the bookkeeping negligence procedures that are utilized to give them misfortunes in stead of the increases of proprietorship. While power had been moved from the hands of the financial specialists to the family units of the administrators, the officials and their evaluators had been utilizing â€Å"creative accounting† to cheat the speculators. The strategies of â€Å"creative accounting† ought to be learned by the common financial specialist who may from now need to supplant the almighty official for a group of administrators that should take a shot at sake of the speculators alone. Plants encourages financial specialists to assume responsibility through his book by illuminating them that solitary they are the ones that appear to remain behind. The lawyers, the inspectors, and the venture banks are totally engaged with corporate extortion that is purposely intended to offer less to financial specialists (who are commonly more prominent in number). The gatherings sharing the more prominent benefits by swindling financial specialists predominantly appear to be the administrators of venture banks, law offices, bookkeeping firms, and the organization itself. The creator clarifies that the officials of enormous partnerships have built up consistence in their frameworks wherewith they don't just cheat their guileless and significant financial specialists without a sound from the last mentioned; yet they have additionally evolved consistent groups of bookkeepers and sheets of executives. In the wake of concocting money related misbehavior, the administrators â€Å"had to do bargains that would glance great in their financials and get endorsement from inspectors and sheets for misdirecting budgetary reports. At long last, they needed to trade out their choices before the cheats and different deceptions were discovered† (8). Plants helps us that the CFO to remember WorldCom, Mr. Scot Sullivan; the CFO of Enron, Mr. Andrew Fastow; and the CFO of Tyco, Mark Swartzâ€all were sly foxes who had been given greatness grants by the CFO Magazine. Besides, Fortune Magazine had offered grants to Enron for being the most appreciated organization alongside Citigroup. Likewise, Enron had been praised each year from 1996-2001 for high accomplishment in advancement. The administrators appear to be tricking everyone. Likewise, the creator of Wheel, Deal, and Steal censures the Federal Reserve for tackling Mr. Brooksley Born, the CEO of the CFTO, by instructing him to avoid the matter of derivates. Consequently, everyone appears to have been engaged with the production of a monetary outrage at whatever point it has occurred. While some may plan insufficient laws and others may impulsively administer the money related acts of a company, the whole framework has all the earmarks of being imperfect. An extensive exertion to wipe out the issue of corporate misrepresentation is thusly required with respect to the budgetary framework overall, including the directors. Plants gives great bits of knowledge into the working of both the Commodities Futures Trading Corporation and the Federal Reserve while offering his recommendation on the change of the framework. This book additionally is an update that the Internet bubble is finished and the following air pocket may be of speculative stock investments or the assets of flexible investments. Speculators must be set up for the following air pocket with an expansion in cognizance regarding their valuable funds contributed for more noteworthy profit. Hence, the book is a basic perused for financial specialists who are prepared to work for change. Factories exhorts that the administration must be considered liable for rebuffing degenerate officials of different partnerships. In addition, the great work of taking out misrepresentation must be proceeded with given that popular governments additionally go with debasement at a few levels, generally having to do with the cream of administrators or top administration at bookkeeping firms just as administrative offices. The last are liable for making great guidelines to check corporate misrepresentation. In any case, financial specialists must assume responsibility to get administrative organizations and the legislature all in all associated with the procedure any place the guidelines and strategies seem feeble. To build the consciousness of the financial specialists and ideally to push them to make a move concerning the guideline of their ventures, Mill’s book addresses the accompanying inquiry: There are numerous Americans now in the securities exchange, and in the event that we are adequately disturbed about our misfortunes, lawmakers and courts may act. Assessments are that the extent of U. S. family units that possessed stocks or common assets has developed from 19% in 1983 to 49. 5% in 2002; and the extent of single people who own stocks or shared assets has developed from 42% in 1983 to 84% in 2002. On the off chance that financial specialists apply their latent capacity impact, would we be able to make a more secure, progressively dependable, increasingly legitimate America? (10).

Measurements Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Estimations Paper - Essay Example At long last the paper finishes up with the announcement of present research's factors and depict the kinds of dependability and legitimacy that is planned to be utilized in regard of such factors. The objective object of the proposed inquire about is to assess administration quality execution versus client desires for the equivalent. A variable is an information that can expect at least one characteristics called its qualities. The degree of estimation alludes to the relationship among the qualities that are allocated to the traits for a variable. Level of estimation is significant as it encourages analyst to conclude how to decipher the information from that variable. It likewise encourages the specialist to choose what factual investigation is generally fitting on the qualities that were appointed. As is ordinarily placed four degrees of estimations are recognized i.e nominal(here the numerical qualities simply name the trait extraordinarily; no requesting of the cases is implied),ordinal( here estimation of the characteristics can be rank-requested and removes between properties don't have any meaning),interval(in such estimates separates between properties do have significance) and ratio(in such estimation there is consistently a flat out zero that is important; this implies you can build an important portion (or proportion) with a proportion variable).(Trochim,2006-a). These estimations must be dependable and substantial in a coordinated way and dependent on evident score hypothesis of estimation. to guarantee top notch (Trochim, 2006-b). Inconspicuous measures will be measures that don't require the scientist to interrupt in the exploration setting. Direct and member perception necessitates that the scientist be genuinely present.Reseracher nearness can influence respondent conduct and reaction. Three sorts of unpretentious measures are typically utilized in sociology look into: Indirect Measures, Content Analysis and Secondary Analysis of Data(Trochim,2006-c).In short, inconspicuous estimation work to lessen the predisposition brought about by scientist's essence yet bring about lesser power over the information. The prior paper on connections had distinguished the essential builds as: unwavering quality, responsiveness, affirmation, compassion, physical assets, and business achievement corresponding to administrations' quality. Build legitimacy alludes to how much inductions can honestly be produced using the operationalizations in your examination to the hypothetical develops on which those operationalizations were based. Build legitimacy includes summing up from the program or measures to the idea of such program or measures (Trochim, 2006-d). Dangers to build legitimacy might be brought about by not appropriately characterizing operationally the develops; utilizing just a single adaptation of your treatment; deficiency of utilizing a solitary measure to take a gander at a specific idea; communications between various medications; association of the testing and the treatment; unforeseen results and so on.( Driebe ) It is set here that responses to the proposed

Devin Getachew Essays

Devin Getachew Essays Devin Getachew Essay Devin Getachew Essay What watched was that shopping center sees were bound to get hypertension than females. Circulatory strain will in general ascent with age. Around 65 percent of Americans matured 60 or more established have High circulatory strain. One of the most widely recognized types of high blood pres sure in more established grown-ups is ceaseless hypertension. Incessant hypertension happens when the systolic pulse is high. Around 66. 7% individuals over age 60 with hypertension have Chronic hyper pressure. People are similarly prone to create HIP during their lifetimes. Notwithstanding, meat re age 45, men re bound to have HIP than ladies (Gibbons). Smoking, being overweight HTH or heftiness, absence of physical action, an excessive amount of salt in the eating regimen, a lot of liquor utilization on, stress, more established age, and hereditary qualities. An individual with incessant hypertension are bound to grow pop heart and vein infection. This builds your danger of a respiratory failure, stroke, cardiovascular breakdown, or kidney illness. There was an article that identified with my theory, and demonstrated my speculation to be precise somewhat. The article said that men before the age of 55 are mineral normal to contract interminable hypertension than ladies, anyway after age 55 ladies are get ceaseless hypertension. The explanations behind sexual orientation contrasts in blood press ere are not known and a few labs are as yet investigating. A few examinations exhibited that t ladies will in general have higher heart siphon yield and lower vein obstruction, subsequently mi missing vein injury (Chosen). Anyway my theory is as yet acknowledged. My exploration I s substantial in light of the fact that I gathered the information of 10 ladies and 10 men from the site www. Image. Com . In this manner my tat is substantial somewhat in light of the fact that its been taken from the site, yet its n tot genuine live information from 10 subjects that know. That is 1 shortcoming of my information. Another would b e the way that my histogram looks deluding. Assessment Factor Effect on Experiment Improvement Subjects were PC produced didnt get wellbeing information from genuine subjects. It is smarter to arbitrarily choose 10 subjects in the more seasoned age run.

CP22 John Lee Dumas from EOFire Talks about Starting Growing Successful Podcast

CP22 John Lee Dumas from EOFire Talks about Starting Growing Successful Podcast Welcome to the 22nd episode of our podcast with John Lee Dumas from EOFire!You can download the podcast to your computer or listen to it here on the blog. Click here to subscribe in iTunes. INTRODUCTION IDEA OF EOFIREMartin: Hi Folks. You ever wanted to start a passive income business, or maybe you are interested in interviewing high class people and starting a podcast. Today we have the expert on board with John Lee Dumas from Entrepreneur on Fire. Hi John, how are you doing?John: Martin, I am fired up to be here, brother! Thanks for having me!Martin: Great. Can you tell the people, what is actually Entrepreneur on Fire?John: Entrepreneur on Fire is a daily podcast that I started 4 years ago where I interview today the most successful and inspiring entrepreneurs and we talk about their journey, their worst moments, lessons learned, their aha moments, how they turned those aha moments into success. Then we have a lightning round of questions that is meant to give gold to the listeners. We have now done over 1300 episodes to date, we are consistently getting over one million listeners per month of the show, and its simple been a blast.Martin: Great. I mean, basically it s the same stuff that I am doing.Why did you start this kind of podcast? Did you just stumble into that and then at one point in time you realized there could be some business opportunity? What is the story behind Entrepreneur on Fire?John: Entrepreneur on Fire is really a solving of my own problem.I mean the reality is this, Martin, its that I was a struggling business person back in 2012/11/10, and so I was looking to consume content that would inspire me and motivate me, that would bring me to the next level and I found podcasting, and I loved podcasting. But the reality was there just wasnt a daily podcast, there was a weekly podcast, there was a podcast that was going twice a month, it just wasnt enough quantity for me. Because I was driving to work every single day by myself, I was going to the gym, I was doing this, doing that, I wanted to consume this content all of those times. I searched for the daily podcast, it didnt exist, I decided to follow Gandhis great words and be the change you wish to see in the world, and that was the launch of EOFire.HOW TO START A PODCASTMartin: Awesome. Imagine that you are just having this idea of starting this podcast, how did you find the first podcast interview partners?John: It wasnt easy, but the reality was I saw that there were a lot of people who were guests on other shows. And so I said: Well, those people will most likely want to be guests on my shows as well. So I reached out to them one by one and I said, “Hey, you were a great guest on this show, I really enjoyed your content, I would really like you to come and share a similar story on my show. But I have a very unique format; we talk about your worst moment, your aha moment, I have these lighting round of questions. Would this be something you would be interested in having a conversation about?” Then slowly but surely, step by step I would be getting one guest to 2 guests, and then those 2 guests would recommend a third guest and I was really able to build a great back log of guests and interviews that way.Martin: Nice. Nowadays you have like 1 million podcast listens a month, awesome.How did you start with your podcast marketing and really attracting the first 1000, the first 10,000 subscribers?John: For me again it goes back to that building a foundation, I think thats so important. I launched just like everybody else launched, with zero listens, and then every single day I woke up and I said how can I just add to my listenership? How can I go find where my perfect listeners are right now, expose them to Entrepreneur on Fire, to my podcast and to maybe excite them to join.It wasnt easy, I had to hustle, I had to go into Facebook groups and LinkedIn groups, I had to go find Reddits and go repost that were being written by entrepreneurs and commented by and contributed. I had to really get out there and do some gorilla marketing.Then of course having a show that goes live every single day with a successful entrepreneur, I would ask that guest of my show to share with their audience so then every single day, my guest was sharing EOFire with their listeners, with their audience. And that was growing exponentially the show every single day.Martin: When you had like maybe 5000, 10000 subscribers, did you approach some kind of podcast advertisers or did they approach you? At what point in time did you think: Okay, lets start rolling the US dollars.John: At the 6 month point, I was really getting to a place where I said men, I am getting about 3-4 thousand listens every single episode, this is a significant number, maybe its time to start looking for sponsors. So I started kind of looking around on my own.But sometimes how the universe works and you put things out there in the universe, I got reached out to by a broker that was a sponsorship broker and the company was called the Midroll. The guy emailed me and said, “Hey John, I would love to jump on a call because you know we are the Midroll, we find sponsor s for podcasts. We are looking to bring in a business podcast, right now we pretty much focus on the comedy shows.”My show appealed to them for a number of reasons; number 1, it was a daily show so there was a lot of opportunities for sponsorship spots on a daily show, 30 a month specifically. So we tried it out and by the end of that same week, that broker had already booked over $12,000 of sponsors on my show for the following month. EOFire went from no sponsors and almost no revenue for the first 6 months, to generating 5 figures a month from month 7, and then by the 12th month, so a year later after we launched we had entered the 6 figure a month category.Martin: I can really imagine your face dropping down when you said: What? $12,000 in sponsorship?I mean if I am calculating just in my head, having one billion monthly listeners and you are getting like $80,000 that approximately translates into $80 CPM. Why is that CPM so crazy high and what is your expectations on the podca sting CPMs for the future?John: The CPMs are so high because with podcast listeners, it is a very intimate medium. I mean they are choosing to press play on your content, unlike a radio where you just find a radio station and do this, do that. Podcast listeners have found the content, they have found the hosts that they want and they have decided to press the play button, and they get to know the host. They get to know, like and trust the voice behind the microphone so to speak. So why spend 6 months growing a great fire nation now they trust me. So when I recommend a product or a service to them, they are much more likely to try that service because it is coming from somebody that they know, like and trust, not just some voice that is sharing with them the ups and the downs in a very sales marketing pitchy kind of way.So thats why CPMs have sometimes, for podcasts, been anywhere from, you know, fill in the blank, anywhere from $15 CPMs all the way up to $60 CPMs, and I have seen th em range all in there since I started and its a very powerful medium.Now, the future of podcasting is interesting because, like everything in life, now people are becoming a lot more used to sponsors on podcasts so they are becoming a little more tone deaf to that, when back in the day it just was kind of a special day and so if you are able to use a unique read and keep the listeners interested, they probably listen.But now its a little bit different, it is a lot more crowded of a market place. I kind of foresee CPMs decreasing in the future, but never to a level of like a radio or a newspaper or a bill board, but just kind of down from the stratosphere they have been up for so long.Martin: Yes, definitely, because I would also add one more dimension Because you said basically you have a higher trust therefore the CPM is higher, but apparently the audience is getting used to this therefore the conversion rates thereby the generated sales decrease, therefore the willingness to pay f rom the advertiser will go down. But one factor I would like to add is there are so many new podcasts reaching out and actually competing against each other. Because if they are millions of business podcasts out there, then you should give me a very good reason advertising on your podcast versus another one.John: I definitely agree. Again, that was when they first reached out to me. My broker, they said: We haven’t sponsored on any business podcast before, we havent used any, like I was literally the first business podcast that this broker, which is the biggest broker that is out there, The Midroll is their name, they actually just acquired Stitcher radio, like a week ago. Its just crazy.LISTENERS ACQUISITIONS PODCAST STATISTICS OF EOFIREMartin: Are you looking into your podcast marketing or user acquisition statistics? Can you give us some kind of detail on where are the new users coming from? What type of marketing tactics are you using in order to use that?John: Really the new types of acquisition are coming from:#1: my current guest sharing to their audience when they are on the show, thats always bringing new ears to the actual podcast, and#2: it is just organic iTunes. Like on iTunes we have people that are very single day they are searching for content, and when they are looking for the top ranked business podcast, they are searching for key terms on the iTunes search bar, whether they be entrepreneur or fill in the blank, and they are coming across my podcast that way, so discover ability with an iTunes and then also just sharing with our audience, with the guest audience.Martin: Are you doing anything on, lets call it podcast SEO or something like that? Optimizing key words, etc.? So that your discoverability is improved.John: No, nothing in that area.Martin: Okay cool.EOFIRE COLLABORATION WITH FREELANCERSMartin: On your site, I have seen that you are working with freelancers and virtual assistants, let me understand how is your work day, or your w ork week structured? And how are you collaborating with those freelancers?John: Yes, we have actually 5 full time virtual assistants and then 2 freelancers, 2 independent contractors so to speak. Our 5 virtual assistants work 40 hours per week, so they are just working full time, they have their tasks, they know what they are doing. Then the independent contractors, we actually have them on retainer, so we have them for our designers 40 hours per month and our web developers 30 hours per month, and we pay them based off of that. We have them for a minimum those amount of hours every single month.And then just as different campaigns come up or opportunities arise, we will then reach out to them and have them fix it up for us and have them do a design or fix up a website or add this or add that in kind of a very one-off basis.Martin: I would assume that the virtual assistants are working on your interview partner backlog so to speak arrange the meetings, maybe do some transcribing or something like this. Anything else that they are doing?John: Yes definitely. Like you said, we have the transcribing, we have a lot of email follow up going on, we have a lot of social media, whether it is Twitter, or Facebook or whatever, it might be kind of keeping the conversations going and making sure if theres any direct questions to me, then I get those questions, etc. There is a lot of different things we do on a day to day basis for sure and that my virtual assistants do, going forward that they just know because, its their 40 hours per week.EOFIRE REVENUE STREAMS HOW TO MONETIZE A PODCAST?Martin: I have also seen that you have a very diverse type of revenue stream, so from affiliate earnings from podcast advertising, from product sales and so on and so forth. Can you elaborate a little bit on that, and how did you experiment with those different revenue streams over time? And how do you think this revenue split will change over the next 12 months and why?John: Yes, revenu e streams are definitely something you always want to keep your finger on the pulse with when it comes to be an entrepreneur because things are changing. The world is changing, opportunities are changing, new things are coming up, old ways are dying, etc. So you always want to keep your finger on the pulse.And thats one thing that we have always done that I am very proud of as EOFire, is that we are very open and transparent and honest with our personal revenue. So every single month we publish an income report where we break down all the revenue that we have generated, how we have generated it, we break down all of our costs and expenses within the business and exactly what that looks like. So we give a really great snapshot of our business every single month; the trends, whats working, whats not working, etc.That has been a really big part of our business, is continuing going forward with that transparency. So thats been huge, thats been a big plus for what we do. Because it is al so allowed for me to say what is working revenue wise, what is the 80:20? And that meaning, what is the 20% that is actually contributing to the 80% of the overall bottom line, and really making sure that we focus on that 20% and kind of just let the other 80% of stuff that is just not doing the big impact kind of drift off into nothing. That has kind of really allowed us to hone our skills.So some of our big revenue sources right now are podcasters paradise, which is our podcasting community, where we teach people how to create, grow and monetize their own podcast.Another one is the freedom journal, which is a physical book that I have created which teaches people how to set and accomplish their number 1 goal in 100 days, and its done via this gorgeous leather bound journal that has a very unique step by step process on setting and accomplishing your number one goal.We do a lot of great affiliates and joint venture sales and revenue. And that is where like another entrepreneur, one of my friends, whatever, might have a course, a product, an offering that definitely aligns with my listenership and my audience. What are we able to do, boom, we are able to go ahead and bring them on the show or send an email about them and recommend their product or their service and if anybody converts then we have a commission off of that as well.Those are some ways we generate revenue and going forward, I can say I am working on another project right now thats very similar to the freedom journal, but its going to be in a very different niche and a different spectrum.Oh yeah, and kind of going backwards again real quick, is we generate a lot of money every month as well, via podcast sponsorships, to the tune of sometimes $40K to $50K to $60K per month. So thats a big revenue stream for us as well.Those are some things, and again, going into the future, its looking at another project similar to the freedom journal and another project that I am working on right now is actually c alled Skills on fire, where I am just going to kind of be teaching for a very low level as far as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, just how I use these in a very effective way. This is not like an all-encompassing premium course type of everything, but just how I use these different social media platforms and different marketing platforms effectively, for people that want to kind of study that.Martin: Cool. John, when I am looking at this kind of revenue and the profits that you are making, my question is, what are you doing with the profits? Are you just enjoying your time? Are you investing in organic growth or diversification, which is partly one thing that you are doing? Or are you an angel investor? What are you doing with these profits?John: Yes, and I can tell you its definitely a good question. There are a couple of things that we are doing.Number 1, we are definitely making sure that we are putting a good portion of this away because when we work hard and things are working w ell right now, I know as well as anybody else that things can change in the future at any time. The best part about hosting EOFire is, I start every show with the worst entrepreneurial moments and that is just the reality, so I know that the next worst moment is right around the corner because nobody expects it, it just happens, boom, just like that. We are definitely looking to build up quite a nest to make sure that when things change, and things always change, that we have a nice little nest so that we can make sure that we smoothly transition into that next stage or opportunity in life.At the same time, we definitely are investing back into our business with a certain portion of the money. We are investing in Facebook advertising and different like Amazon growth opportunities like with the Freedom Journal on Amazon. I am looking at different ways of using Amazon advertising to get that in front of more people, etc. We are definitely looking to invest back into the company with o rganic growth and hire people.Another thing is we are actually hiring another employee to our team which is going to add to our monthly expenses, but we know it is going to add to also the overall growth of our business if it is used correctly.So a little combination of organic growth, a lot of savings, just kind of being stacked up or what may or may not happen in the future, so just having that peace of mind.And we are big into charities, like I donate a lot of money every single month, charities like Pencils of Promise where we built 3 schools at over $75,000 in just the past year alone through Pencils of Promise with 3 separate $25,000 donations. So we kind of want to have that full spectrum that makes sense and that is where we are at.  Martin: Cool.LEARNINGS TIPS FROM JOHN LEE DUMASMartin: John, after talking to you about this Entrepreneur on Fire thing, how do I monetize and how do I build this kind of business Now I would be very interested in, for example, if you are looki ng back to this 1300 podcasts, what have been the 3 major learnings or fuck ups or whatever that entrepreneurs have shared with you?John: Wow.Number 1 is just giving into fear. I mean we are all going to feel, fear is always going to be with us when we try something new, when we try something different, when we put ourselves out there, but it is giving into fear, like that is the major mistake that so many entrepreneurs make, and it happens time and time again.Number 2 is surrounding yourself with the wrong people, like you are an average of the 5 people you spend the most time with. So often entrepreneurs, they just fall into this trap where they slowly but surely sort of surround themselves with the wrong kind of people who just dont really have the same morals or the same outlook or the same desires in life and they become the average of that and this is kind of a downward spiral or a downward trend.The third thing would be just having a singular mentor, like not having that pers on that is just where you want to be right now. Because so often in life we look around a room, and whether it is a physical room or a virtual room, and if you are the smartest person in that room, you are in the wrong room, you have got to get out of there and find another room where you are being challenged, where people are holding you accountable, making it happen. So having that one mentor that is pulling you upwards is okay.Martin: How do you know that the surrounding people are the right ones for you, so that you really make sure: Okay, now I am at the right spot, or no I am identifying I am not at the right spot?John: You just sit down and say: What kind of person do I want to be? What kind of things do I want to accomplish? What do I want to stand for? What do I want to be important in my life? Once you have a grasp on that, then you can look around and say: Okay, now I get it, now I want to attract these people to me and spend time with these people. And maybe I am now pre tty aware that friends 2, 3, and 5 just do not have those qualities, those traits, how do I move them off from my top 5. I am not saying cut them off forever, but you got to move them out of your top 5.Martin: John, do you have a mentor? If yes, who is it and how did you find him?John: Yes, I absolutely do have a mentor, that is and going continue to be private, but it is a mentor and I believe in always having a mentor going forward, that is so important. What I did was, I found somebody who is currently where I want to be and I hired him, I said what is it going to take? You name the price, I want to be where you are, I want you to mentor me, and we have been mentor-mentee ever since.Martin: Cool. Because this is interesting, as you said, this is the price where you are paying, because I would have assumed that a lot of people for example, if I am thinking of who would I love to have as a mentor would not be, lets say acquirable for money but maybe for something else.Imagine, I wo uld love to have this is not true, but I would love to have a Bill Gates or Barrack Obama as my personal mentor, because maybe this is what I want to do. I guess I would never be able to pay Bill Gates, because he has all the money in the world, he doesnt need any more money, maybe he needs something else. So what other things could you think of that could motivate a mentor that you really want to be a mentor?John: Maybe showing them that your mission in this world aligns with their mission, I mean maybe they love the charity water. So if you are willing to really become committed to that and moving that forward in a very powerful way, then that mentor would be inspired to say: Wow, if you are willing to give that to something that I believe in so strongly, I am willing to give some of my time. There are other ways to go about it, for sure.Martin: Great. John, thank you so much for sharing your insights, I wish you all the best with your Entrepreneur of Fire podcast and all the othe r ventures that you are starting, and especially one thing that I really like is that you are doing some charity and helping people with building schools and education and so on. Thank you so much for that.John: Martin thank you, I really enjoyed the chat today.THANKS FOR LISTENING!Thanks so much for joining our 22nd podcast episode!Have some feedback you’d like to share?  Leave  a note in the comment section below! If you enjoyed this episode, please  share  it using the social media buttons you see at the bottom of the post.Also,  please leave an honest review for The Cleverism Podcast on iTunes or on SoundCloud. Ratings and reviews  are  extremely  helpful  and greatly appreciated! They do matter in the rankings of the show, and we read each and every one of them.Special thanks  to John for joining me this week. Until  next time!

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Animal experimentation has been and will continue to be a source in scientific research. Similarities between animals and humans allow for researchers to provide safer drugs and new treatments for diseases. (Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR), 2008). Animal experiments have provided many positive outcomes in medical advancements that save human and animal lives. However, many people in today’s society have an emotional attachment to animals which fuels opposition to animal experimentation. But anyone concerned for human life must unequivocally endorse the rightness of using animals in medical research (Epstein, 2005). Studies using animals have been a practice and debated for hundreds of years. Scientists and medical†¦show more content†¦Humans have been safeguarded against viruses such as polio, influenza and smallpox with the use of immunizations that were tested on animals. FBR (2008) indicates, â€Å"Polio virus, the causative agent of paralytic pol iomyelitis, essentially has been wiped out in North America† Animal activists are appalled that such testing is being performed on animals. Wolff stated, â€Å"In many cases, animal studies do not just hurt animals and waste money; they harm and kill people, too† (Wolff, 2009). In some medication studies, animals were given doses that they had successfully recovered from, but the same medication given to humans in a ratio dose caused severe side effects and fatal results in humans. Scientists also perform tolerance to toxicity levels in animals. An animal’s reaction to toxic levels of chemicals helps in determining how a child’s system would also react. The data derived from this type of testing helps determine poisoning levels for humans. Epstein states, â€Å"Millions of humans would suffer and die unnecessarily if animal testing were prohibited† (Epstein, 2009). Parents of children that may get into household cleaning items or chemicals in the garage are given advice from poison hotlines to prevent side effects and death of children. The United States Department of Agriculture regularly inspects animal experimentation labs across the country to verify the well-being of the animals. Opponents claim that many of the toxicityShow MoreRelatedInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesdifferent.† All were questioners, frequently asking questions that punctured the status quo. Some observed the world with intensity beyond the ordinary. Others networked with the most diverse people on the face of the earth. Still others placed experimentation at the center of their innovative activity. When engaged in consistently, these actions—questioning, observing, networking, and experimenting—triggered associational thinking to deliver new businesses, products, services, and/or processes.

Examining The Use Of Milling Machines - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3217 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? In previous chapter, the literature review piece and objective of present work has been discussed. This chapter introduces the speculative background of response surface methodology, introduction of milling machine, cutting principal, milling cutter taxonomy, machining parameters, chip thickness formation and milling machine parameters which influence the surface roughness 2.1 BACKGROUND Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining The Use Of Milling Machines" essay for you Create order As an central subject in the statistical design of experiments, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques useful for the modeling and analysis of harms in which a response of interest is influenced by several variables and the objective is to optimize this response RSM also quantifies dealings among one or more measured responses and the vital input factors. The DOE++ software was used to develop the untried plan for RSM. The same software has also used to analyze the data collected. After analyzing each response, multiple response optimization technique have performed, either by inspection of the interpretation plots, or with the graphical and arithmetic tools provided for this purpose. It has mentioned previously that RSM designs also help in quantifying the dealings between one or more measured responses and the vital input factors. In order to determine if there stay alive a relationship between the factors and the response variables investigated, the data together must be analyzed in a statistically sound manner using regression. A regression is performed in order to describe the data unruffled whereby an observed, empirical variable (response) is approximated based on a functional bond between the estimated variable, yest and one or further regress or or input variable x1, x2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, xi. The least square technique is being new to fit a model equation containing the said regressors or input variables by minimizing the residual error measured by the sum of square deviations between the actual and the probable responses. This involves the calculation of estimates for the regression coefficients, i.e., the coefficients of the representation variables including the intercept or constant term. The calculated coefficients or the model equation need to however be tested for statistical implication. 2.2 MILLING MACHINE 2.2.1 Introduction Milling machines was first invented and developed by Eli Whitney to mass construct interchangeable musket parts. Although makeshift, these machines assisted man in maintain exactness and uniformity while duplicating parts that can not be manufactured with the use of a file. Development and improvement of the milling machine and components continuous, which resulted in the manufacturing of heavier arbors and high speed steel and carbide cutters. These components allowed the operator to remove metal more rapidly, and with more accuracy, than prior machines. Variations of milling machines were also developed to perform special milling operations. During this era, computerized machines has been developed to alleviate error and provide better. Milling are perhaps the most versatile machining operation and most of the shapes can be generated by this action. Unlike turning, shaping and drilling tools, the milling tool possesses a large number of cutting edges. Milling is the process of machining flat, curved, or asymmetrical surfaces by feeding the work piece against a rotating cutter containing a integer of cutting edges. The milling machine consists basically of a motor driven spindle, was mounts and revolves the milling cutter, and a reciprocate regulating worktable, which mounts and feeds the work piece. Milling machines are basically classified as vertical or horizontal. These machines is also classified as knee-type, ram-type, manufacturing or bed type, and planer-type. Most milling machines has self-contained exciting drive motors, coolant systems, variable spindle speeds, and power operated table feeds. Milling machines play an significant role in most machine shops, machining metals to various shapes and sizes by means of a revolving cutting tool or tools having a number of cutting edges called teeth. Such tools has known as milling cutters or mills. In order to machine numerous configurations in a milling machine, man have developed various types of milling cutters to fit the necessary requirements. Most milling cutters has made of high speed steel; some employ the utilize of carbide teeth and inserts.[20] The working principle, employed in the metal removing operation on a milling machine, is that the work has rigidly clamped on the board of the machine, or held between centers, and revolving multi-teeth cutter mounted moreover on a spindle or an arbor. The cutter revolves at a fairly high speed and the work fed leisurely past the cutter as shown in figure. The work can be fed in a vertical, longitudinal or cross direction. As the work advances, the cutterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"teeth do away with the metal from the work surface to produce the desired shape. [21] Figure2.1: Working Principle of milling operation [21] 2.2.2 Milling Cutter Nomenclature Figure 2.2 shows two views of a common milling cutter with its parts and angles acknowledged. These parts and angles are common to all types of cutters in some form. The pitch refers to the angular distance between like parts on the adjoining teeth. The pitch is unwavering by the number of teeth. The tooth face is the forward facing surface of the tooth which forms the cutting edge. The cutting edge can the angle on each tooth which performs the cutting. The land is the fine surface behind the cutting edge of each tooth. The rake angle is the viewpoint formed between the face of the tooth and the centerline of the cutter. The rake angle defines the cutting edge and provides a path for chips that have cut from the work piece. The primary clearance angle is the viewpoint of the land of each tooth, measured from a line tangent to the centerline of the cutter at the cutting edge. This angle prevents every one tooth from rubbing against the work piece after it makes its cut. The secondary go-ahead angle defines the land of each tooth and provides supplementary clearance for the passage of cutting oil and the chips. Figure 2.2: The two views of a common milling cutter with its parts and angles identified. [21] The hole diameter determines the size of arbor that is essential to mount the milling cutter. A keyway was present on all arbor-swelling cutters for locking the cutter to the arbor. Plain milling cutters that has more than 3/4 inch in width can usually made with spiral or helical teeth. A plain spiral-tooth milling cutter produces a better and smoother draw to a close, and requires less power to operate. A plain helix-tooth milling harvester is especially desirable where an jagged surface or one with holes in it have to be milled. The teeth of milling cutters are either right-hand or left-hand, viewed from the back of the machine. Right-hand milling cutters cut when rotate clockwise; left-hand milling cutters cut when rotated counterclockwise. Saw Teeth: Saw teeth are whichever straight or helical in the smaller size of plain milling cutters, metal slitting saw milling cutters, and closing stages milling cutters. The cutting edge is usually given about 5 ° primary clearance angle. Sometimes the teeth have provided with offset nicks which shatter up the chips and make coarser feeds promising. Formed Teeth: Formed teeth can usually specially made for machining unbalanced surfaces or profiles. The possible varieties of formed-tooth milling cutters are more or less unlimited. Convex, concave, and corner-rounding milling nail clippers are of this type. Inserted Teeth: Inserted teeth had blade of high-speed steel inserted and rigidly held in a blank of machine steel or cast iron. unlike manufacturers bring into play different methods of holding the blades in place. Inserted teeth are more cost-effective and convenient for large-size cutters because of their reasonable initial cost and because worn or broken blades has be replaced more easily and at less price tag 2.2.2.1 Recommended Angles for Milling Cutter The angle between the face and the land of the cutter tooth is called lip angle (ÃŽÂ ²).Its value depends upon the values of rake and relief angles. A larger lip angle ensures a brawny tooth. As such, the endeavor should be to keep it as large as practicable. This is particularly chief while milling harder metals and when deeper cuts to be employed. Cutters having helical teeth are made to contains a helix angle between 10à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ ¦ (degree) and 50à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ ¦ (degree) the recommended values of principal angles are given in the table [19] Table 2.1: Recommended Angles for Milling Cutter [21] Material Recommend values in degree Rake angle(degree) Relief angles(degrees) H.S.S Tools Stellite Tools Cemented carbides Cast iron(Soft) 10-15 6-8 3-6 4-7 Cast iron(Hard) 10 3-6 0-3 4-7 Mild steel 10-15 3-6 0-(-5) 3-5 Aluminum alloys 20-30 10-15 10-20 10-15 Brasses and Bronzes 10-12 5 2-3 10-15 Mg.alloys 20-30 15-20 15-20 10-12 2.2.3 Machining Parameters 2.2.3.1 Selection of Speed The approximate standards given in may be used as a guide for electing the proper cutting speed. If the operator finds that the machine, the milling cutter, or the work piece cannot be handle suitably at these speeds, instantaneous readjustments shouldcan be made. If carbon steel cutters have used; the speed should be about one-partially the recommended speed in the table. If carbide-tipped cutters are used, the speed could be doubled. If a bountiful supply of cutting oil is theoretical to the milling cutter and the work piece, speeds can be increased 50 to 100 percent. For roughing cuts, a moderate speed and coarse feed often give best results; for last cuts, the best practice is to reverse these conditions, by means of a higher speed and lighter feed. The formula for manipulative spindle speed in revolutions per minute is as follows: Where, Spindle speed (in revolutions per minute). Cutting speed of milling cutter. Diameter of milling cutter (in inches) 2.2.3.2 Selection of Feed The rate of feed, or the speed at which the work piece pass the cutter, determines the time obligatory for cutting a job. In selecting the feed, there are several factors which should be well thought-out are as follows: Forces are exerted against the work piece, the cutter, and their property devices during the cutting process. The force exerted varies directly with the amount of metal unconcerned and can be regulated by the feed and the depth of cut. Therefore, the wrong amount of feed and depth of cut have interrelated, and in turn are dependent upon the rigidity and power of the machine. The feed and depth of cut also depend upon the type of milling cutter being used. For example, deep cuts or foul-mouthed feeds should not be attempted when using a small diameter end milling cutter, as such an attempt would spring or break the cutter. Coarse cutters with muscular cutting teeth can be fed at a faster rate because the chips may be washed out more without problems by the cutting oil. The feed of the milling machine may be selected in inches per minute or millimeters per minute the milling feed has determined by multiplying the chip size (chip per tooth) desired, the integer of teeth on the cutter, and the revolutions per minute of the cutter. Example: the formula used to hit upon the work feed in inches per minute Where Feed rate in inches per minute Chip pert tooth Number of teeth per minute of the milling cutter Figure 2.3 shows the path of feed during the cutting operation. It is usually regarded as standard practice to feed the work piece against the milling cutter. When the piece is fed aligned with the milling cutter, the teeth cut under any weighing machine on the work piece surface and any backlash in the feed screw is taken up by the weakness of cut. As an exception to this recommendation, it is advisable to feed with the milling cutter, when cutting off accumulation, or when milling comparatively deep or long slots. The direction of cutter rotation had related to the behavior in which the work piece is held. The cutter should rotate so that the piece springs away from the cutter; then there will be no predisposition for the force of the cut to loosen the work piece. No milling cutter should be rotated toward the rear as this will break the teeth. Never revolutionize feeds while the cutter is rotating. Figure2.3 Direction of Feed during machining operation [21] 2.2.4 Chip Formation in Milling Operation The scheme of chip formation during plain milling using a straight cutter is explained in figure 2.4. The cutter has a diameter and the depth of cut provided by. When milling is done straight-edge cutter, the operation is orthogonal and the kinematics of chip formation is shown in figure 2.4. Since all the cutting edges take part in machining, a study of the process is facilitated by considering the action of only a single tooth. If is the feed velocity of the table in mm/min, the effective feed per tooth in mm will be, where is the cutter rpm and is the number of teeth in cutter. The material removal rate per unit width of the job is given by. It is clearly seen from figure that the thickness of the uncut material in front of cutting edge increases gradually, reaching a maximum near the surface and again drops to zero quickly. If the feed velocity is small as compared with the circumferential velocity of the cutter, then Figure 2.4: Details of chip formation [22] Where is the angle included by the contact arc at the cutter center O in radians. Now, considering the triangle OAT, we have Hence, Neglecting the higher order terms in as it is normally very small. Using this value of in the expression of the maximum uncut thickness, we get It is obvious that when cutting with a straight cutter, there is no component of the cutting force along the straight cutter axis. The average uncut thickness can be taken as half of the maximum value. Thus, From the above equation show that when the depth of cut increases, the chip thickness increases so that increases the cutting resistance and the amplitude of vibrations. As a result, cutting temperature also rises. Therefore, it is expected that surface quality will deteriorate. When the feed rate increases, the chip thickness increases so that increases in cutting force and vibration. 2.3 SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS Surface roughness is an chief factor when dealing with issues such as friction, lubrication, and wear. It also have a major impact on application involving thermal or electrical confrontation, fluid dynamics, noise and vibration control, dimensional tolerance, and abrasive processes, among others. The resultant roughness fashioned by a machining process can be thought of as the amalgamation of two independent quantities Ideal roughness: Ideal surface roughness was a function of feed and geometry of the tool. It represents the best promising finish which can be obtained for a given tool shape and feed. It can be achieved only if the built-up-edge, chatter and inaccuracies in the machine tool activities are eliminated completely. For a sharp tool without nose radius, the maximum height of disproportion is given by Rmax = f/(cot à Ã¢â‚¬   + cot ÃŽÂ ²) Here f is feed rate, à Ã¢â‚¬   is major cutting edge angle and ÃŽÂ ² is the inconsequential cutting edge angle. The surface roughness assessment is given by Ra = Rmax/4 Idealized model of surface roughness have been without a doubt shown in Figure 2. 5. Practical cutting tools was usually provided with a rounded corner, and figure shows the surface produced by such a tool under ideal conditions. It can be shown that the roughness assessment is personally related to the feed and corner radius by the following expression: Ra=0.0321 f 2/r Where, r is the corner radius. Figure 2.5: Idealized Model of Surface Roughness [20] Natural roughness: In practice, it is not usually possible to achieve environment such as those described above, and normally the natural surface roughness forms a outsized proportion of the actual roughness. One of the main factors causative to natural roughness is the occurrence of a built-up edge and vibration of the machine tool. Thus, superior the built up edge, the rougher would be the surface produced, and factors tending to reduce chip-tool friction and to eradicate or reduce the built-up edge would give improved surface finish. The Principal fundamentals of surfaces are as follows: Surface: The surface of an object is the boundary which separate that object from another substance. Its shape and extent has usually defined by a drawing or descriptive specifications. Profile: It is the form of any specified section through a surface. Roughness: It was defined as closely spaced, irregular deviations on a scale smaller than that of waviness. Roughness may be superimposed on waviness. Roughness is uttered in terms of its height, its width, and its distance on the surface along which it is precise Waviness: It is a recurrent deviation from a flat surface, much like impression on the surface of water. It is measured and described in terms of the freedom between adjacent crests of the waves (waviness width) and height between the crests and valleys of the impression (waviness height). Waviness can be caused by Deflections are tools, dies, or the work piece, Forces or temperature sufficient to cause warp, Un flush lubrication, Vibration Any intermittent mechanical or thermal variations in the system during Manufacturing operations. Flaws: Flaws, or defects, are random irregularities, such as scratches, crack, holes, depressions, seams, moan, or inclusions as shown in Figure 2.5 Lay: Lay or directionality is the direction of the predominant surface pattern and was usually noticeable to the naked eye. Lay direction have been shown in Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Surface Characteristics [20] 2. 3.1 Factors Affecting the Surface Finish Whenever two machined surfaces come in make contact with with one another the quality of the mating parts the stage an important role in the performance and wear of the mating parts. The height, shape, arrangement and track of these surface irregularity on the work piece depend upon a number of factors such as: The machining variables which affect the surface roughness has spiteful speed, feed and depth of cut. The factors of tool geometry which affect to achieve surface draw to a close are nose radius, rake angle, side cutting edge position, cutting edge Work piece and tool material combination and their mechanical property Quality and type of the machine tool new Auxiliary tooling, and lubricant second-hand Vibrations connecting the work piece, machine tool and cutting tool. 2.3.2 Factors Influencing Surface Roughness in Milling Machine The various factors which influence surface roughness of work piece in the milling machine are: Depth of cut: escalating the depth of cut increases the cutting resistance and the amplitude of vibrations. As a result, cutting temperature also rises. Therefore, it has expected that surface eminence will deteriorate. Feed: Experiments show that as feed rate increase surface roughness also increases due to the increase have cutting force and vibration. Cutting speed: It is found that an increase of cutting speed generally improves surface eminence. Engagement of the cutting tool: This factor acts in the same way as the distance downward of cut. Cutting tool wears: The irregularities of the cutting edge due to wear are reproduce on the machined surface. Apart from that, as tool wear increases, other dynamic phenomena such as unwarranted vibrations will occur, thus further deteriorating surface quality. 2.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS In this chapter, the working principal of milling machine is presented. The categorization of milling cutter with its parts and angles are presented. Machining parameters which affect the surface roughness, chip thickness formation and factors influence surface roughness in milling machine are also presented in this chapter.

Literature Review Heart Healthy Lifestyle Education Essay

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The highest prevalence of type II diabetes is seen in vulnerable populations including women, elderly, and in individuals families with income within poverty level (Rimmer, SilvermanRead MoreA Short Note On The Elderly Population : A Final Review Of Literature Synthesis1332 Words   |  6 PagesManagement of Heart Failure in the Elderly Population: A Final Review of Literature Synthesis Lilian Chira Introduction Heart failure is a chronic, debilitating disease affecting 5.1 million Americans; approximately 875,000 new cases are diagnosed each year (Sterne, Grossman, Migliardi, and Swallow, 2014). Heart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgicalRead MoreDesign Interventional Models For Primary Care Providers1619 Words   |  7 Pageslinked to many adverse health outcomes such as: diabetes, hypertension and stroke as suggested by the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (2012). The purpose of this project is to design interventional models for primary care providers to implement into a wellness program. The program includes increased knowledge of nutritional, physical, and emotional factors that promote healthier lifestyles. With further implementation of the program, this will provide primary care physicians with beneficial outcomesRead MoreTy pe 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( T2dm )1317 Words   |  6 Pageshave the time or they are too busy taking care of everyone but themselves. Yet, women have the power to stay well by learning about the diseases that may strike them and knowing potential risk factors. The most important step towards being healthy is education. Therefore, women should arm themselves with information regarding prevention or early detection on the major diseases that affect women like T2DM. The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for type two diabetes in asymptomatic

Safe sky Free Essays

Flying Many people care about there safety when is comes to traveling. Do people understand how safe they really are? Airplane pilots have the responsibility and the skill to protect a great sum of people. Those who have ever flew on an airplane before have left there lives in the hands of the pilot. We will write a custom essay sample on Safe sky or any similar topic only for you Order Now You don’t always have a smooth flight and walk out complaining but at least there are no disturbances in the cabin. Pilots must be armed in the cockpit to ensure the safety of the passengers on a commercial flight. The history of airplanes has been around for centuries. It dates all the way back to the 1900’s with two brothers named Orville and Wilbur Wright. The Wright brothers worked in a bicycle shop when they got inspired to fly. They began building gliders and improving it flight by flight until it was flyable. The Wright Brothers became the first people to successfully fly a plane with a person in it. In December of 1903, the Wright brothers created the first powered plane that could fly for more than an hour (History). Airplanes have come a long way since that point; however, airplanes are still not totally safe or risk. On September 11, 2001 tragedy hit for airplanes. Hijackers hijacked multiple planes, to hit multiple targets. This could have been avoided if pilots were approved to carry firearms on airplanes. Many people insist that it wouldn’t have made a difference, and could have made the situation worse if the pilots were armed and hijackers got a hold of them. Pilots can know be armed in the cockpit on aircrafts after certain requirements are met since the tragedy that occurred on September 1 1 . The pilots were trained at a flight school in Arizona. â€Å"President Obama is quietly ending the federal firearms program, risking public safety on airlines in the name of an anti-gun ideology. The paper notes that $2 million has been diverted from training for the program, and that approval of new pilots has â€Å"stalled out. † President Obama is quietly ending the federal firearms program, risking public safety on airlines in the name of an anti-gun ideology (Valone). Since Obama’s election, pilots have told us that the approval process for letting pilots carry guns on planes slowed significantly. He is supposed to be helping the problem but making it worse. President Obama is cutting the prices in the wrong places putting peoples live at stake for a budget cut. People safety is more important. Why not cut from the TSA, who has never stopped a terrorist attack even with all the new technology they have. Many reasons exist as to why airline pilots should be armed in the cockpit, but the strongest and most sensible reason is now much responsibility is on the pilot. common stereotype is that pilots Just take off the plane, put it in autopilot, then kick back and take a nap or watch a movie. Pilots aren’t always aware of what is going on in the cabin. If there were a disturbance in the cabin and people tried to break into the cockpit pilots would be able to defend them selves and other passengers if rmed. The guns they would carry would be equipped with frangible bullets made of highly compressed, powdered alloys rather than solid lead or other metals such as those used in standard bullets. (Stark) The difference with these bullets are they wont ruin the fuselage of the airplane (body of plane). The bullets are destructive to human flesh and would tear the target up. Pilots with these bullets can protect passengers and help avoid from any terrorist attacks on planes. Pilots will also have to go through a rigorous training course in which will deputize them as Federal Flight Deck Officers. The Federal Flight Deck Officers (FFDO) program was created after the September 1 1, 2001, terrorist attacks and has since trained 12,000 pilots on how to carry weapons and defend their aircraft against an attack. These Federal Flight Deck Officers are mostly ex military. That means that they have the extra gun training due to the background in the military and also specialize in combat training. The course that pilots have to go through is tough. Pilots go through dozens of simulations and practice sessions designed to be as real as instructors can make them by going live and also interacting with a computer. Pilots have blistered trigger fingers after they shoot a total of 8,000 rounds from their semiautomatic pistol in one training simulation. They also practice striking and grappling with attackers in close quarters. The training has been done in an area comparable to the size of a phone booth, in order to simulate the cockpit’s cramped quarters. Pilots must also undergo a psychological test. Pilots in the FFDO program must place their firearms in a separate lockbox when not in the cockpit because TSA says that the pilots’ jurisdiction ends at the cockpit door. Many people that are opposed to commercial pilots being armed say that it will ust cause more of a threat. There are many concerns that have been raised about arming pilots or letting them carry guns, but armed pilots actually have a much easier Job than air marshals. An armed marshal in a crowded cabin can be attacked from any direction. He must be able to quickly identify innocent civilians from terrorists. An armed pilot only needs to deal with the people trying to force their way into the cockpit. It is also much easier to defend the cockpit rather than to have to chase the terrorist and physically capture them, as a marshal would. The terrorists an only enter the cockpit through one narrow entrance, and armed pilots have time to prepare themselves as hijackers try to break down the strengthened cockpit doors. For example, if there was a situation to where a terrorist got into a cockpit before the pilots could react the terrorist will know have a gun as a weapon compared to a plastic knife or fake bomb. (Mackett ) People also say that if a pilot was to miss a shot that the bullet can damage the fuselage of the plane and cause the plane to suffer from depressurization problems. Opponents bring up a respectable case but most of it can be fixed or proven wrong. Arming commercial pilots will make the planes safer and trustworthier. Many people also say that innocent bystanders can get hurt or killed in a result of a pilot having to use a gun in an emergency. That’s not a good reason because cops get into shootouts and very rarely do innocent bystanders get shot or killed. Also the pilots would have gone through extensive target training to prevent them from missing their target. One pilot would be fighting off the terrorist as the other fly the plane. Six percent of those who have applied for the FFDO program have not been accepted; two percent were not qualified to apply, three ercent failed the psychological evaluation, and one percent failed the background investigation Oohnson). Commercial pilots belong to one of the most respectable categories Jobs out. They are responsible for many people lives at one time. Airplane pilots should be armed because in a situation that could not be resolved it could end smoothly by a pilot. The pilots would be required to take a six week training program that would teach them techniques on how to disarm a terrorist and target training. Also the ammunition for the weapons will be made out of highly compressed powdered alloys that should shatter on harder surfaces (Stark). Commercial pilots must be armed in the cockpit to insure the safety of the passengers. The chances of an aircraft being transformed into a weapon of mass destruction are diminished similar the events of September 2001 through the dual defenses of armed pilots and fortified cockpit doors. The chances of an aircraft being transformed into a weapon of mass destruction are diminished similar the events of September 2001 through the dual defenses of armed pilots and fortified cockpit doors. How to cite Safe sky, Papers

Chilean Miners free essay sample

The company Codelco is yet to inform the immediate families of the miners about the circumstances. There are some considerations to keep in mind regarding what potential needs the families of the trapped miners will require when informed of their loved ones situation. The information given is as important as is the method in which the message is delivered. The actions that must be taken before the message can be delivered to the families of the miners, involve the gathering of as much information as possible. The place to start is to identify which employees are among the trapped so that the families’ of these workers can be located and communicated the news of the incident firsthand. Codelco, along with emergency authorities must gather as much information about status of the trapped miners as well as physical location and quality of the environment in which the miners are located. This will help define viable options for the retrieval and rescue of the miners as well as their welfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Chilean Miners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only then should Codelco appoint appropriate members of their staff to locate and communicate face-to-face with each of the employee’s families. The company will notify them with as much information as they possibly can at that moment regarding the status of the health of the employee along with what plans the company will formulate to rescue the miners. The message delivered must be done so in a tactful manner and with as much empathy as possible. The message must also be able to deliver the facts known at the time. Plans to provide support and comfort for the families of the employee will be revealed to the families at this time. There will be many questions the families of the miners will realize may have been left unanswered and many more will follow once the gravity of the situation has settled. The focus of the company will be to provide as much information as possible about the welfare of their employee to his family during the ongoing rescue efforts. Codelco will make every effort to provide support and comfort to the families of the trapped miners and ensure the company is doing everything possible to bring home alive. The considerations to keep in mind concerning the message Codelco will want to convey to its employees will vary significantly, in some areas, from the message conveyed to the families of the trapped miners. Most of the message given to the employees in the company obviously will be the same. The focus of the message that will be sent to the employees of Codelco, unlike the message sent to the families of the trapped miners, is one of unity. The company again will confer with emergency authorities to gather as much information about status of the trapped miners as well as physical location and quality of the environment in which the trapped miners currently occupy. This will help define viable options for the retrieval and rescue of the miners as well as their welfare. Only the message this time must be announced to every employee throughout the company. The manner in which the message is delivered cannot be accomplished with only one method, so several methods such as employee meetings, e-mail, and even via the media will be required to ensure the message is distributed to every employee. The purpose of the message sent to every employee is to inform of the incident as well as to identity the employees trapped. Codelco also wants to keep its employees abreast of the status and welfare (as it is known) of the trapped miners because it will soon need the support of the workers themselves to come together and formulate a plan and help carry out the plan to save their fellow coworkers. Codelco communicated the situation to both the families of the trapped miners as well as to its own employees; giving them essentially the same information. However, because the company realized that the level of sensitivity each of these two groups required were two different etiquettes; the approach to delivering the communication to each of the groups was done so in very different formats. The responses and reactions needed and expected from the two groups also needed to be distinct. Comfort and support was the goal the information given to the families of the trapped miners Codelco hoped to portray while understanding and unity was the hope it would receive from the employees. Timeline: Trapped Chilean miners. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/2010/WORLD/americas/10/13/chile. miners. timeline/index. html Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean copper mine collapse. Metal Bulletin Daily, (224), 65.

Sample Assignment with MLA Referencing

Introduction Obesity has emerged as the most pressing nutritional problem facing the developed world. This trend has occurred over a relatively short period of time; in the United States, it appears to have begun in the last quarter of the 20th century. The epidemic in children followed shortly thereafter. The most recent data (19992000) from national surveys in the United States suggest that almost two thirds of the adult population is overweight, and almost one third is obese (Flegal et.al, pp. 1724). In children, current estimates (19992000) put the prevalence of overweight at 15%, a threefold increase over the past 30 years (Ogden et.al, pp. 1729). Although this epidemic has spared no subgroup of the population and has been documented in individuals of all ages and racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups, the problem is greatest in minority populations and among persons living in poverty. Obesity is a global public health problem, affecting virtually every region of the world with the excep tion of sub-Saharan Africa. Discussion Identification The World Health Organization (2000) defines obesity as a condition of abnormal or excess accumulation of adipose tissue (body fat) to an extent that an individual's health may be impaired. Because the precise measurement of adipose tissue requires invasive laboratory measures, in the population context, a simpler measure on which to base an obesity definition is required. Although imperfect, the Body Mass Index (BMI), defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, has been adopted by consensus in the United States by the National Institutes of Health (1998) and the Centers; for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and internationally by WHO (2000). Consensus definitions of overweight and obesity have been set at 25 (overweight) and 30 (obesity), with severity classes of obesity defined as follows: overweight, 25.0 to 29.9; Class I obesity, 30.0 to 34.9; Class II obesity, 35.0 to 39.9; and Class III obesity, 40.0+. The WHO (2000) terminology differs slightly, but the cutoff points are the same. In growing children, in whom weight and height are both changing (and at different rates), the definition of obesity is inherently more complicated. Although no universally agreed on standard exists for assessing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, there is a growing consensus that BMI should be adopted as an indirect measure of adiposity for children and adolescents, as well (Barlow Dietz, pp. 223). Because BMI varies substantially by age and gender during childhood and adolescence, the specific BMI cutoffs used to classify obesity must be gender- and age-specific and must be referenced against a standard. In the United States, the standard used is the CDC Revised Growth Reference (Barlow Dietz, pp. 228). Internationally, several standards (Cole et.al, pp. 27; Ogden et al., pp. 1728), including one based on a pooled international sample (Cole et.al, pp. 1241), are also in use. Several periods in development have been proposed as critical periods in the development of persistent obesity and its comorbid consequences. These include the prenatal period (when intrauterine exposures may influence adiposity), early childhood, and adolescence. Some evidence suggests that breast-feeding may protect against later obesity. Likelihood of persistence in adulthood of obesity from childhood is related both to age at onset and severity. Sequelae Childhood obesity has a number of immediate, intermediate, and long-term health consequences (Must Strauss, pp. S3). These include classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, abnormal blood lipid levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Respiratory conditions include sleep-disordered breathing. In addition, early menarche and menstrual abnormalities are linked to overweight. Of particular concern is the emergence of type 2 diabetes, once considered an adult-onset disease, as a disease of childhood. The psychological impact may represent one of the most damaging effects of obesity given that stigmatization and social isolation may result in lower self-esteem and depression. In a recently replicated classic study, children were asked to rank order a series of drawings of children with various handicaps (crutches, wheelchair, missing a hand, facial disfigurement, obesity) based on which child they would like best (Latnerm Stunkard, pp. 456). The obese child was ra nked last irrespective of the ranking child's sex, race, socioeconomic status, living environment, and own disability. In another study, ratings of quality of life for children with obesity were similar to those of children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer (Schwimmer et.al, 2003, pp. 1814). Although obesity in adulthood that has been present from childhood may carry an additional burden due to increased severity, much adult obesity arises through adult weight gain. The health consequences of obesity present in adulthood are enormous, both in magnitude and impact on quality of life. In developing its clinical guidelines, the NIH report identified an extensive list of health conditions for which obesity increased risk. These include hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, many cancers, and depression. The number of deaths per year in the United States attributable to obesity has been estimated at about 300,000. Risk Factors In all persons, child or adult, obesity arises due to energy imbalance: When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, most of the excess calories are stored as adipose tissue. To give rise to obesity, energy imbalance must occur over a long period of time and likely reflects a combination of factors. Individual behaviors, environmental factors, and heredity, singly and in combination, contribute to the development of obesity. The rapidity with which the obesity epidemic emerged rules out simple genetic explanations. The current environment in the United States has been characterized as obesogenic, meaning that it promotes high energy intakes and low energy expendituresthe energy imbalance that gives rise to weight gain. Modern industrialized societies provide abundant, relatively inexpensive food; modern life is organized to reduce energy expenditure at work and at home, through technology and urbanization. For a species that evolved to store fat in times of plenty in order to survi ve in leaner times, many individuals are genetically susceptible to gain weight in the current environment. Excessive energy intake is a primary risk factor for the development of childhood and adult obesity, although the specific aspects of intake responsible are controversial. Dietary factors, such as diet composition, energy density, fat intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, snacks, sugar-rich foods, and soft drinks, have all been identified in association with obesity. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables can help reduce the intake of dietary fat and calories because they are naturally low in fat and energy density compared with other foods. Despite current recommendations that individuals over the age of 2 years consume 2 to 4 servings of fruits and 3 to 5 servings of vegetables daily, children and adolescents eat an average of only 3.6 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and fried potatoes account for a large proportion of those servings. A number of other dietary variables, including soft drinks, snacking, portion sizes, and infant feeding have also been linked t o childhood obesity. Studies suggest that the increased consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, snack foods (which are often high in fat or/and sugar), and large-sized portions of foods have contributed to the increase in energy intakes. Reduced physical activity may be the most important factor in explaining the increase of obesity over the past two decades. Physical activity among U.S. youth is in decline, with nearly half of young people aged 12 to 21 reporting that they do not engage in vigorous physical activity regularly and one fourth reporting no vigorous physical activity. Whereas leisure time physical activity has increased in men and remained constant in women over the past four decades in the United States, activity associated with work and home life has declined over the same period. Sedentary behavior and inactivity, such as watching television and playing video/computer games, also are contributory factors. Gortmaker et al. (1996) reported an adjusted-odds ratio (OR) for obesity of 8.3 for adolescents who watched TV more than 5 hours per day compared with those who watched 0 to 2 hours. Compelling evidence comes from intervention studies, which show that reducing TV viewing time can help prevent childh ood obesity. Adults in a trial of maintenance following weight loss sustained their losses best when physical activity was high and television viewing was low (van Baak et.al, pp. 210). TV watching may promote obesity by reducing physical activity, lowering metabolic rate, and increasing energy intake. The latter may occur due to the fact that TV viewing may be associated with snacking and may moderate eating habits generally through greater exposure to advertising of foods high in added sugars and fat or by conveying mixed messages about lifestyle and health in the content of advertisements. TV viewing is a major source of inactivity among Americans. Screen time, a summary measure of time spent viewing television and videos and engaged in computer-based activity, represents the largest proportion of nonsleep, nonschool time for youth. Conclusion Obesity has emerged as the major nutritional problem facing the pediatric and adult populations worldwide. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial and includes individual risk factors, genetic influences, and environmental effectors. The severity of the problem, in terms of immediate and long-term health consequences to physical and psychological health, suggests it is a problem that will dominate the public health agenda in the 21st century.